HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when Rapid Responses are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Fowler, E. G Articles by Dorey, F. J Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Fowler, E. G Articles by Dorey, F. J

The Effect of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Strengthening Exercises on Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy

EG Fowler, PT, PhD, is Assistant Professor, UCLA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Affiliated Program and the UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Center for Cerebral Palsy, 22–70 Rehabilitation Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1795 (USA) (efowler{at}mednet.ucla.edu).
TW Ho, PT, MPT, was Staff Physical Therapist, UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Center for Cerebral Palsy, at the time the study was performed
AI Nwigwe, BS, is a doctoral student in the Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif. She was Research Assistant, UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Center for Cerebral Palsy, at the time the study was performed
FJ Dorey, PhD, is Professor, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles

Address all correspondence to Dr Fowler

Background and Purpose. The Bobath neurodevelopmental treatment approach advised against the use of resistive exercise, as proponents felt that increased effort would increase spasticity. The purpose of this study was to test the premise that the performance of exercises with maximum efforts will increase spasticity in people with cerebral palsy (CP). Spasticity, in the present study, was defined as a velocity-dependent hyperexcitability of the muscle stretch reflex. Subjects. Twenty-four subjects with the spastic diplegic form of CP (mean age=11.4 years, SD=3.0, range=7–17) and 12 subjects without known neurological impairments (mean age=11.6 years, SD=3.5, range= 7–17) were assessed. Methods. Knee muscle spasticity was assessed bilaterally using the pendulum test to elicit a stretch reflex immediately before and after 3 different forms of right quadriceps femoris muscle exercise (isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic) during a single bout of exercise training. Pendulum test outcome measures were: (1) first swing excursion, (2) number of lower leg oscillations, and (3) duration of the oscillations. Results. There were no changes in spasticity following exercise between the 2 groups of subjects. Discussion and Conclusion. These results do not support the premise that exercises with maximum efforts increase spasticity in people with CP.

Key Words: Cerebral palsy • Pendulum test • Spasticity • Strengthening exercises

This article has been cited by other articles:

				O. Verschuren, M. Ketelaar, J. W. Gorter, P. J. M. Helders, C. S. P. M. Uiterwaal, and T. Takken Exercise Training Program in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 2007; 161(11): 1075 - 1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. G Fowler, T. H. Kolobe, D. L Damiano, D. E Thorpe, D. W Morgan, J. E Brunstrom, W. J Coster, R. C Henderson, K. H Pitetti, J. H Rimmer, et al. Promotion of Physical Fitness and Prevention of Secondary Conditions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Section on Pediatrics Research Summit Proceedings Physical Therapy, November 1, 2007; 87(11): 1495 - 1510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Unger, M. Faure, and A. Frieg Strength training in adolescent learners with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial Clinical Rehabilitation, June 1, 2006; 20(6): 469 - 477. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. F Morton, M. Brownlee, and A. K McFadyen The effects of progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy Clinical Rehabilitation, March 1, 2005; 19(3): 283 - 289. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. S Pippenger and D. A Scalzitti What are the effects, if any, of lower-extremity strength training on gait in children with cerebral palsy? Physical Therapy, September 1, 2004; 84(9): 849 - 858. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S W Blundell, R B Shepherd, C M Dean, R D Adams, and B M Cahill Functional strength training in cerebral palsy: a pilot study of a group circuit training class for children aged 4-8 years Clinical Rehabilitation, January 1, 2003; 17(1): 48 - 57. [Abstract] [PDF]