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Bone Biology and the Clinical Implications for Osteoporosis

PA Downey, PT, PhD, OCS, is Assistant Professor, Physical Therapy Program, Chatham College, Woodland Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 (USA)
MI Siegel, PhD, is Professor, Department of Anthropology and Orthodontics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa

(downey{at}chatham.edu). Address all correspondence to Dr Downey

Bone biology is a complex and vastly growing area of study. It brings together the traditional fields of anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics with the increasingly complex fields of developmental biology and molecular genetics. For clinicians who treat bone disorders such as osteoporosis, developing a working knowledge of this topic is essential. This article discusses bone from a structural, anatomical, and functional perspective. It reviews skeletogenesis as a developmental process and from a regulatory perspective and presents biomechanical principles and theories. Osteoporosis is reviewed, including recent literature related to the role of exercise in prevention and treatment of this disease. [Downey PA, Siegel MI. Bone biology and the clinical implications for osteoporosis.]

Key Words: Bone • Osteoporosis • Weight-bearing exercise • Weight-training exercise